Genomic Testing & Genetic Testing – What's the Difference?
Oncologists order a genomic analysis test on tissue samples from a cancerous tumor to look for genetic mutations. Cancer has different types of biomarkers which can be identified in the genes and proteins that make up a tumor. Just as every cancer is different, each person’s biomarkers are different.
The test looks at the entire genetics (DNA), which gives important information about how aggressive the cancer is and how well the cancer is likely to respond to chemotherapy treatment and provides a ranking that indicates the likelihood of a later recurrence. This helps the oncologist determine the correct type of treatment for the cancer.
It also provides invaluable information about whether the cancer is likely to spread to other parts of the body or if the cancer has an actionable mutation, which is an abnormality in the genetics of the tumor cells for which there is either an FDA-approved targeted agent or one that is currently in trial or part of a future trial.
A genomic test can be used for certain types and stages of breast cancer, early-stage prostate cancer, and some stages of colon cancer. The information learned from these tests helps oncologists determine the best course of treatment. These tests can also indicate how aggressive the cancer is, who may benefit from immediate cancer treatment, or who can choose active surveillance.
What is Genetic Testing?
Genetic tests look for specific changes or mutations in a person’s chromosomes, genes, or proteins. It is used to identify genetic conditions or a person’s risk of developing a genetic disorder or passing on an inherited disease to a future generation. For example, for people with a family history of cancer, it’s an important tool that can help identify the potential for problems and make decisions to monitor for early detection or to decrease or prevent the chance of future disease. A genetic counselor can help a patient understand the potential benefits of genetic testing.
Cancer that appears to run in families isn’t always caused by an inherited mutation but rather by environments or lifestyles. If a patient tests positive for an inherited genetic mutation, it is not certain that they will develop cancer.
The tests are done on blood and other tissue samples. When the test is done, a patient doesn’t necessarily have cancer but may have a family history, so they are choosing genetic testing as a proactive approach to awareness.
Genetic tests results can help an oncologist:
Determine if further testing is necessary.
Customize a cancer screening plan that may differ from the recommended ages for these tests.
Suggest strategies that can help a patient lower their risk of developing cancer.
Cancer awareness is key in finding the disease early when the chances for a successful cure are the highest.
