Rare Disease Day: Understanding Rare Blood Cancers

At Arizona Blood and Cancer Specialists, our team of medical oncologists are experts in hematology, providing advanced treatments for blood cancers and other blood disorders, including those that are less frequently seen.

Knowledge is power when it comes to your health. Understanding rare blood cancers helps you recognize potential warning signs and seek medical attention sooner. Three rare blood cancers worth knowing about are hairy cell leukemia, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, and polycythemia vera.

Hairy Cell Leukemia

This slow-growing cancer is named for the hair-like projections that appear on the cancer cells under a microscope. It affects B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps protect your body from infection.

Common symptoms include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Frequent infections
  • Easy bruising or bleeding
  • Discomfort in the upper left side of your abdomen from an enlarged spleen

While this cancer progresses slowly, there are treatment options that have shown excellent response rates. Many patients respond well to targeted therapies and chemotherapy, resulting in prolonged remissions.

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

This rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma affects plasma cells in your bone marrow. These cells produce excessive IgM antibodies, which can thicken your blood and affect circulation.

Symptoms often develop gradually and may include:

  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Unintended weight loss
  • Bleeding from the nose or gums
  • Tingling or numbness in your hands and feet
  • Vision problems

The positive aspect of this condition is that many patients live well with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Treatment approaches are personalized to your specific needs, and some patients with mild symptoms may not need immediate treatment. When treatment is necessary, newer targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes.

Polycythemia Vera

This condition occurs when your bone marrow produces too many red blood cells, which thickens your blood. While this requires monitoring and management, many patients can lead full, active lives with appropriate treatment.

Common signs include:

  • Headaches and dizziness
  • Itching, especially after bathing
  • A reddish complexion, particularly in your face
  • Burning sensation in your hands or feet

Managing polycythemia vera often involves straightforward treatments like phlebotomy, a simple procedure that removes excess blood to maintain healthy blood cell levels. Medications can also help control blood cell production and reduce your risk of complications.

If you experience persistent symptoms like unexplained fatigue, frequent infections, unusual bruising, or other concerning changes in your health, reaching out to a healthcare professional is an important first step. Remember that early evaluation and treatment lead to better outcomes.

Arizona Blood and Cancer Specialists, we are here to support you every step of the way. Our experienced team stays current with the latest research and treatment options to provide you with the best possible care. We understand that a rare blood cancer diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but you're not alone in this journey.

If you have questions about rare blood cancers or would like to schedule an appointment, call our office today to speak with one of our hematology-oncology specialists. We're here to help you understand your condition and explore your treatment options.

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